SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>American Notes</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>American Notes</i></span>

</h1>

</header>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1287740527">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ib-book .infobox-title{font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-book .Z3988{display:none}.mw-parser-output .ib-book .infobox-below{border-top:#aaa 1px solid}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox ib-book vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">American Notes </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Title page inscribed by the author to illustrator "<a href="Daniel_Maclise" title="Daniel Maclise">Daniel Maclise</a> From his friend Charles Dickens, Eighteenth October 1842", one day prior to its official publication</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>American Notes for General Circulation</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">Non-fiction</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Chapman_%26_Hall" title="Chapman & Hall">Chapman & Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 October 1842</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print hardback, and paperback)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="Barnaby_Rudge" title="Barnaby Rudge">Barnaby Rudge</a> </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="Martin_Chuzzlewit" title="Martin Chuzzlewit">Martin Chuzzlewit</a> </i></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><i><b>American Notes for General Circulation</b></i> is a <a href="Travel_literature" title="Travel literature">travelogue</a> by <a href="Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> detailing his trip to North America from January to June 1842. While there he acted as a critical observer of North American society, almost as if returning a status report on their progress. This can be compared to the style of his <i><a href="Pictures_from_Italy" title="Pictures from Italy">Pictures from Italy</a></i> written four years later, where he wrote far more like a tourist. His American journey was also an inspiration for his novel <i><a href="Martin_Chuzzlewit" title="Martin Chuzzlewit">Martin Chuzzlewit</a></i>. Having arrived in <a href="Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, he visited <a href="Lowell%2C_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a>, New York, and <a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, and travelled as far south as <a href="Richmond%2C_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a>, as far west as <a href="St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> and as far north as <a href="Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. The American city he liked best was <a href="Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> – "the air was so clear, the houses were so bright and gay. [...] The city is a beautiful one, and cannot fail, I should imagine, to impress all strangers very favourably." Further, it was close to the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind where Dickens encountered <a href="Laura_Bridgman" title="Laura Bridgman">Laura Bridgman</a>, who impressed him greatly.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

<p>On 3 January 1842, one month shy of his 30th birthday, Dickens sailed with his wife, <a href="Catherine_Dickens" title="Catherine Dickens">Catherine</a>, and her maid, Anne Brown, from <a href="Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> on board the steamship <a href="RMS_Britannia" title="RMS Britannia">RMS <i>Britannia</i></a> bound for America.

Arriving in <a href="Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> on 22 January 1842, the author was at once mobbed. Dickens at first revelled in the attention, but soon the endless demands on his time began to wear on his enthusiasm. He complained in a letter to his friend <a href="John_Forster_(biographer)" title="John Forster (biographer)">John Forster</a>:

</p>

<blockquote><p>I can do nothing that I want to do, go nowhere where I want to go, and see nothing that I want to see. If I turn into the street, I am followed by a multitude.</p></blockquote>

<p>He travelled mainly on the <a href="East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a> and the <a href="Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> area of both the United States and Canada, primarily by <a href="Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a>, but also by rail and coach. During his extensive itinerary, he made a particular point of visiting prisons and <a href="Mental_institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental institution">mental institutions</a> and even took a quick glimpse at the <a href="Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a>.

Among his early visits to American institutions, Dickens visited <a href="Perkins_School_for_the_Blind" title="Perkins School for the Blind">Perkins School for the Blind</a> near Boston, where he met <a href="Laura_Bridgman" title="Laura Bridgman">Laura Bridgman</a>, who is considered the first <a href="Deaf-blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaf-blind">deaf-blind</a> person to receive a significant education in English. His account of this meeting in <i>American Notes</i> would inspire <a href="Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a>'s parents to seek an education for their daughter.

He was particularly critical of the American press and the sanitary conditions of American cities. He also wrote merciless parodies of the manners of the locals, including, but not limited to, their rural conversations and practice of spitting tobacco in public (Ch. 8 – Washington):

</p>

<blockquote><p>As Washington may be called the headquarters of tobacco-tinctured saliva, the time is come when I must confess, without any disguise, that the prevalence of those two odious practices of chewing and expectorating began about this time to be anything but agreeable, and soon became most offensive and sickening.</p></blockquote>

<p>In Washington, D.C., he called upon President <a href="John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> in the <a href="White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, writing that:

</p>

<blockquote><p>... he looked somewhat worn and anxious, and well he might; being at war with everybody – but the expression of his face was mild and pleasant, and his manner was remarkably unaffected, gentlemanly, and agreeable. I thought that in his whole carriage and demeanour, he became his station singularly well.</p></blockquote>

<p>Although generally impressed by what he found, he could not forgive the continued existence of <a href="Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery in the United States</a>, which he described as "that most hideous blot and foul disgrace ..."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final chapters of the book are devoted to a criticism of the practice. He was also unhappy about <a href="Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> issues. Dickens, by this time, had become an international celebrity, but owing to the lack of an international copyright law, <a href="Copyright_violation" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright violation">bootleg</a> copies of his works were freely available in North America and he could not abide losing money. Dickens called for international copyright law in many of his speeches in America, and his persistence in discussing the subject led some critics to accuse him of having travelled to America primarily to agitate for that cause.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Letters_of_Charles_Dickens" title="Letters of Charles Dickens">Dickens's letters</a> home to his friends, including Forster and illustrator <a href="Daniel_Maclise" title="Daniel Maclise">Daniel Maclise</a>, helped to form the basis of the book.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critique_of_US_society_at_the_time">Critique of US society at the time</h2></div>

<p>Throughout the narrative, finding much to admire in Americans he met and in their way of life, he also notes what he sees as their faults, sometimes jocularly. Then, in a conclusion, he gives his considered analysis of what he views as major flaws in US society.

</p><p>First and most serious is slavery. Apart from its corruption of both whites and blacks in slave states, the free states are complicit in the system. In particular, he is horrified by the physical violence vented on both male and female slaves.

</p><p>Next, he places violence. The ideals of liberty and equality seem to include the freedom to shoot or knife any other American.

</p><p>Third, he cites what he calls universal distrust, the extreme individualism that leads people to suspect others and to seek advantage over them. With a few exceptions, the scandal-seeking press contributes by undermining private life and destroying confidence in public life.

</p><p>Allied to this is the overriding commercialism, with the urge to pull off a smart deal and the idolisation of successful businessmen. In this capitalist jungle, he finds most people far too serious and puritanical, lacking humour and a wider perspective.

</p><p>Finally, in many places he finds standards of personal cleanliness and public health still very primitive and is particularly disgusted by the almost universal habit of spitting.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title">Title</h2></div>

<p>According to Dickens's biographer <a href="Michael_Slater" title="Michael Slater">Michael Slater</a>, the title <i>American Notes for General Circulation</i> may have been a joke at the expense of American currency. The end of the <a href="Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a> and the ensuing <a href="Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a> led to widespread bank failures and rendered much paper currency worthless.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentary_(2005)">Documentary (2005)</h2></div>

<p>The book formed the basis for <i><a href="Dickens_in_America" title="Dickens in America">Dickens in America</a></i> (2005), an authored documentary series by <a href="Miriam_Margolyes" title="Miriam Margolyes">Miriam Margolyes</a> in which she followed Dickens's journey through the United States, visiting many of the places mentioned by the author in his book.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Dickens, <i>American Notes and Pictures from Italy</i> (London: Chapman and Hall, 1888(, p. 24.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hudon, Edward G. "Literary Piracy, Charles Dickens and the American Copyright Law". <i>American Bar Association Journal</i>, Vol. 50, No. 12 (December, 1964) p. 1159.</span>

</li>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFSlater2009" class="citation book cs1">Slater, Michael (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesdickens0000slat"><i>Charles Dickens</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesdickens0000slat/page/201">201</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-300-11207-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<p><b>Online editions</b>

</p>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%22american%20notes%22%20creator%3Adickens"><i>American Notes</i></a> at <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (scanned books original editions color illustrated)

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americannotes00dick"><i>American Notes</i></a>, New York: John W. Lovell company. 1883</li></ul></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/675">American Notes</a></i> at <a href="Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></li>

<li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=American+Notes&author=Dickens&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>American Notes</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050930200031/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/d/dickens/charles/d54an/"><i>American Notes</i></a> at <a href="University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a> (HTML)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100607060659/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DICKENS/titlepg.html"><i>American Notes</i></a> at <a href="University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> (HTML with reviews and maps)</li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Charles_Dickens326" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Charles_Dickens326" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Charles_Dickens_bibliography" title="Charles Dickens bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Pickwick_Papers" title="The Pickwick Papers">The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club</a></i> (1836–1837)</li>

<li><i><a href="Oliver_Twist" title="Oliver Twist">Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy's Progress</a></i> (1837–1839)</li>

<li><i><a href="Nicholas_Nickleby" title="Nicholas Nickleby">Nicholas Nickleby</a></i> (1838–1839)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Old_Curiosity_Shop" title="The Old Curiosity Shop">The Old Curiosity Shop</a></i> (1840–1841)</li>

<li><i><a href="Barnaby_Rudge" title="Barnaby Rudge">Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty</a></i> (1841)</li>

<li><i><a href="Martin_Chuzzlewit" title="Martin Chuzzlewit">The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit</a></i> (1843–1844)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dombey_and_Son" title="Dombey and Son">Dombey and Son</a></i> (1846–1848)

<ul><li><a href="Characters_in_Dombey_and_Son" title="Characters in Dombey and Son">Characters</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="David_Copperfield" title="David Copperfield">David Copperfield</a></i> (1849–1850)</li>

<li><i><a href="Bleak_House" title="Bleak House">Bleak House</a></i> (1852–1853)</li>

<li><i><a href="Hard_Times_(novel)" title="Hard Times (novel)">Hard Times: For These Times</a></i> (1854)</li>

<li><i><a href="Little_Dorrit" title="Little Dorrit">Little Dorrit</a></i> (1855–1857)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Tale_of_Two_Cities" title="A Tale of Two Cities">A Tale of Two Cities</a></i> (1859)</li>

<li><i><a href="Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i> (1860–1861)</li>

<li><i><a href="Our_Mutual_Friend" title="Our Mutual Friend">Our Mutual Friend</a></i> (1864–1865)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Mystery_of_Edwin_Drood" title="The Mystery of Edwin Drood">The Mystery of Edwin Drood</a></i> (1870)</li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christmas books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i> (1843)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Chimes" title="The Chimes">The Chimes</a></i> (1844)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth" title="The Cricket on the Hearth">The Cricket on the Hearth</a></i> (1845)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Battle_of_Life" title="The Battle of Life">The Battle of Life</a></i> (1846)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Haunted_Man_and_the_Ghost's_Bargain" title="The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain">The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain</a></i> (1848)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>"<a href="The_Long_Voyage" title="The Long Voyage">The Long Voyage</a>" (1853)</li>

<li>"<a href="The_Signal-Man" title="The Signal-Man">The Signal-Man</a>" (1866)</li>

<li>"<a href="The_Trial_for_Murder" title="The Trial for Murder">The Trial for Murder</a>" (1865)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story <br> collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Sketches_by_Boz" title="Sketches by Boz">Sketches by Boz</a></i> (1833–1836)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Mudfog_Papers" title="The Mudfog Papers">The Mudfog Papers</a></i> (1837–1838)</li>

<li><i><a href="Master_Humphrey's_Clock" title="Master Humphrey's Clock">Master Humphrey's Clock</a></i> (1840–1841)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><i><a href="Pictures_from_Italy" title="Pictures from Italy">Pictures from Italy</a></i> (1846)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Child's_History_of_England" title="A Child's History of England">A Child's History of England</a></i> (1851–1853)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Uncommercial_Traveller" title="The Uncommercial Traveller">The Uncommercial Traveller</a></i> (1860–1861)</li>

<li><a href="Letters_of_Charles_Dickens" title="Letters of Charles Dickens">Letters</a> (1821–1870)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Frozen_Deep" title="The Frozen Deep">The Frozen Deep</a></i> (1856)</li>

<li><i><a href="No_Thoroughfare" title="No Thoroughfare">No Thoroughfare</a></i> (1867)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Bentley's_Miscellany" title="Bentley's Miscellany">Bentley's Miscellany</a></i> (1836–1838)</li>

<li><i><a href="Master_Humphrey's_Clock" title="Master Humphrey's Clock">Master Humphrey's Clock</a></i> (1840–1841)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Daily_News_(UK)" title="The Daily News (UK)">The Daily News</a></i> (1846–1870)</li>

<li><i><a href="Household_Words" title="Household Words">Household Words</a></i> (1850–1859)</li>

<li><i><a href="All_the_Year_Round" title="All the Year Round">All the Year Round</a></i> (1859–1870)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="A_House_to_Let" title="A House to Let">A House to Let</a></i> (1858)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Haunted_House_(story)" title="The Haunted House (story)">The Haunted House</a></i> (1859)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Message_from_the_Sea" title="A Message from the Sea">A Message from the Sea</a></i> (1860)</li>

<li><i><a href="Mugby_Junction" title="Mugby Junction">Mugby Junction</a></i> (1866)</li>

<li><i><a href="No_Thoroughfare" title="No Thoroughfare">No Thoroughfare</a></i> (1867)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dickens_family" title="Dickens family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="John_Dickens" title="John Dickens">John Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Elizabeth_Dickens" title="Elizabeth Dickens">Elizabeth Dickens</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brothers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Frederick_Dickens" title="Frederick Dickens">Frederick Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Lamert_Dickens" title="Alfred Lamert Dickens">Alfred Lamert Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Augustus_Dickens" title="Augustus Dickens">Augustus Dickens</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catherine_Dickens" title="Catherine Dickens">Catherine Dickens (wife)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ellen_Ternan" title="Ellen Ternan">Ellen Ternan (mistress)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Charles_Dickens_Jr." title="Charles Dickens Jr.">Charles Dickens Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Mary_Dickens" title="Mary Dickens">Mary Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Kate_Perugini" title="Kate Perugini">Kate Perugini</a></li>

<li><a href="Walter_Landor_Dickens" title="Walter Landor Dickens">Walter Landor Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Francis_Dickens" title="Francis Dickens">Francis Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_D'Orsay_Tennyson_Dickens" title="Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens">Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Sydney_Smith_Haldimand_Dickens" title="Sydney Smith Haldimand Dickens">Sydney Smith Haldimand Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Fielding_Dickens" title="Henry Fielding Dickens">Henry Fielding Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Dora_Annie_Dickens" title="Dora Annie Dickens">Dora Annie Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Dickens" title="Edward Dickens">Edward Dickens</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tombstone_of_Charles_Irving_Thornton" title="Tombstone of Charles Irving Thornton">Epitaph of Charles Irving Thornton</a></li>

<li><a href="Bleak_House%2C_Broadstairs" title="Bleak House, Broadstairs">Bleak House</a></li>

<li><a href="Racism_in_the_work_of_Charles_Dickens" title="Racism in the work of Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens and racism</a></li>

<li><a href="Tavistock_House" title="Tavistock House">Tavistock House</a></li>

<li><a href="Gads_Hill_Place" title="Gads Hill Place">Gads Hill Place</a></li>

<li><a href="Grip_(raven)" title="Grip (raven)">Grip (raven)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dickens_fair" title="Dickens fair">Dickens fair</a></li>

<li><a href="Dickens_and_Little_Nell_(Elwell)" title="Dickens and Little Nell (Elwell)"><i>Dickens and Little Nell</i> (statue)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Portrait_of_Charles_Dickens" title="Portrait of Charles Dickens">Portrait of Charles Dickens</a></i> (1839 painting)</li>

<li><i><a href="Portrait_of_Charles_Dickens_(Scheffer)" title="Portrait of Charles Dickens (Scheffer)">Portrait of Charles Dickens</a></i> (1855 painting)</li>

<li><i><a href="Charles_Dickens_in_His_Study" title="Charles Dickens in His Study">Charles Dickens in His Study</a></i> (1859 painting)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dickens_of_London" title="Dickens of London">Dickens of London</a></i> (1976 miniseries)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dickens_in_America" title="Dickens in America">Dickens in America</a></i> (2005 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Invisible_Woman_(2013_film)" title="The Invisible Woman (2013 film)">The Invisible Woman</a></i> (2013 film)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dickensian_(TV_series)" title="Dickensian (TV series)">Dickensian</a></i> (2015 TV series)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Man_Who_Invented_Christmas_(film)" title="The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)">The Man Who Invented Christmas</a></i> (2017 film)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614013#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata574" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614013#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/179759557">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4799876-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr98014424">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-09-26" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=American_Notes&oldid=1247821079">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>